Every request takes over 1 minute

On a fresh install, with PHP 7.4, MySQL, or PostgreSQL, every request (login, dashboard, etc) takes more than 1 minute, with the "Booting" part always around 60 seconds. There is absolutely no error in the log files and other PHP apps on the same machine work very well. Has anyone encountered this?

The debug bar shows the "Booting" section to be the problem:

1 x Booting (99.76%) 60.14s
1 x Application (0.24%) 145.82ms
...